What is Colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy involves an endoscope - a thin flexible tube with a camera at the tip - being passed through the anus into the large intestine. It allows Dr Fazal to examine the lining of the colon and rectum in detail.
During the procedure, biopsies (small tissue samples) can be taken for analysis, and polyps can be removed if found. Colonoscopy is one of the most important diagnostic and preventive tools in gastroenterology.
Why is Colonoscopy Done?
Your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy to investigate a range of symptoms, including:
- Unexplained changes in bowel habits
- Abdominal pain
- Rectal bleeding
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chronic diarrhoea
- Positive bowel cancer screening test
What are Polyps?
Polyps are small tissue growths that can develop on the lining of the colon. Most colorectal cancers begin as polyps, so finding and removing them during colonoscopy is one of the most effective ways to prevent bowel cancer.
How Do I Prepare for Colonoscopy?
A thorough bowel preparation is essential for a clear view of the colon. You will be given a separate instruction sheet with detailed preparation steps, including a specific diet and bowel preparation solution to drink before the procedure.
Please discuss any blood-thinning medications or anti-diabetic drugs with Dr Fazal before the procedure, as these may need to be adjusted.
How is Colonoscopy Performed?
You will receive twilight sedation (not general anaesthesia) through an intravenous line to keep you comfortable. The endoscope is gently passed through the anus into the large intestine.
The procedure typically takes approximately 30 minutes. Your vital signs are monitored continuously by anaesthesia staff throughout the procedure. Afterwards, you will rest in the recovery area for 1 to 2 hours.
What Happens After Colonoscopy?
After the procedure, you will rest in the recovery area until the sedation wears off. For the remainder of the day, you must not:
- Drive a vehicle
- Travel alone on public transport
- Operate heavy machinery
- Sign legal documents
- Drink alcohol
Please arrange for someone to drive you home and stay with you for 24 hours after the procedure.
Are There Any Risks or Side Effects?
Colonoscopy is considered a very safe procedure. Complications are rare but may include:
- Temporary bloating and nausea
- Mild bleeding (especially if polyps are removed)
- Bowel perforation (approximately 1 in 1,000 procedures)
It is also important to note that colonoscopy can miss lesions in the bowel in 2–8% of cases.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of the following after your procedure: fever, severe abdominal pain, rectal bleeding that does not stop, or dark/black stools.